The register
| Jurisdiction | Region | Status | Primary law | Year | Consent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐ฆ๐ซ Afghanistan | Asia-Pacific | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฆ๐ฑ Albania | Europe | In force | Law No. 124/2024 on Personal Data Protection | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฉ๐ฟ Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Law No. 18-07 on Personal Data Protection | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ฉ Andorra | Europe | In force | Qualified Law 29/2021 on Personal Data Protection | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ด Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 22/11 on Personal Data Protection | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ฌ Antigua and Barbuda | Americas | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2013 | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ท Argentina | Americas | In force | Personal Data Protection Law 25.326 | 2000 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ฒ Armenia | Europe | In force | Law on Protection of Personal Data | 2015 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐บ Australia | Oceania | In force | Privacy Act 1988 + Australian Privacy Principles, amended 2024 | 1988 | Hybrid |
| ๐ฆ๐น Austria | Europe | In force | GDPR + Datenschutzgesetz (DSG) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ฟ Azerbaijan | Europe | In force | Law on Personal Data | 2010 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ธ Bahamas | Americas | In force | Data Protection (Privacy of Personal Information) Act 2003 | 2003 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ญ Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 30 of 2018) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ฉ Bangladesh | Asia-Pacific | Adopted | Personal Data Protection Act, 2026 (Act No. 63 of 2026) | 2026 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ง Barbados | Americas | In force | Data Protection Act 2019 | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐พ Belarus | Europe | In force | Law No. 99-Z on Personal Data Protection | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ช Belgium | Europe | In force | GDPR + Data Protection Act of 30 July 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ฟ Belize | Americas | In force | Data Protection Act 2021 | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ฏ Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Digital Code (Law 2017-20), Book on Personal Data | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐น Bhutan | Asia-Pacific | Sectoral | Information, Communications and Media Act 2018 (data provisions) | 2018 | None |
| ๐ง๐ด Bolivia | Americas | No law | None; constitutional habeas data only | None | |
| ๐ง๐ฆ Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | In force | Law on Protection of Personal Data | 2006 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ผ Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act (2018 regime, refreshed by the 2024 Act) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ท Brazil | Americas | In force | Lei Geral de Proteรงรฃo de Dados (LGPD) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ณ Brunei | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Data Protection Order, 2025 | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ฌ Bulgaria | Europe | In force | GDPR + Personal Data Protection Act | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ซ Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 001-2021 on Personal Data Protection | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ง๐ฎ Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Law No. 1/03 of 10 March 2026 on the Protection of Personal Data | 2026 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ป Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 133/V/2001 as amended (2013, 2021) | 2001 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ญ Cambodia | Asia-Pacific | Bill pending | Draft personal data protection law (pending)โฆ | None | |
| ๐จ๐ฒ Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Law No. 2024/017 of 23 December 2024 on Personal Data Protection | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฆ Canada | Americas | In force | PIPEDA + CASL + Quebec Law 25 (provincial) | 2000 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ซ Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Law No. 24.001 on the Protection of Personal Data | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ฉ Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 007/PR/2015 on Personal Data Protection | 2015 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฑ Chile | Americas | Adopted | Law 21.719 (2024), replacing Law 19.628 (1999) | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ณ China | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) + Data Security Lawโฆ | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ด Colombia | Americas | In force | Law 1581 of 2012 (habeas data) | 2012 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ฒ Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Law on the Protection of Personal Data (adopted by the Assembly, June 2014) | 2014 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ท Costa Rica | Americas | In force | Law 8968 on Protection of the Person Regarding Processing of Personal Data | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฎ Cote d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2013-450 on Personal Data Protection | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ญ๐ท Croatia | Europe | In force | GDPR + Act on the Implementation of the GDPR | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐บ Cuba | Americas | In force | Law 149 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐พ Cyprus | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law 125(I)/2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฟ Czechia | Europe | In force | GDPR + Act No. 110/2019 on Personal Data Processing | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฉ Democratic Republic of the Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Digital Code (Ordonnance-loi 23/010 of 2023), personal data provisions | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฉ๐ฐ Denmark | Europe | In force | GDPR + Danish Data Protection Act | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฉ๐ฏ Djibouti | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Digital Code (Law No. 019/AN/23/9รจme L), Book I on personal data protection | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฉ๐ฒ Dominica | Americas | No law | None in force | None | |
| ๐ฉ๐ด Dominican Republic | Americas | In force | Law 172-13 on Personal Data Protection | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ช๐จ Ecuador | Americas | In force | Organic Law on Personal Data Protection (LOPDP) | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ช๐ฌ Egypt | Middle East & North Africa | Adopted | Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020 | 2020 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ป El Salvador | Americas | In force | Personal Data Protection Law (2024) | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ถ Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 1/2016 on Personal Data Protection | 2016 | Opt-in |
| ๐ช๐ท Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ช๐ช Estonia | Europe | In force | GDPR + Personal Data Protection Act | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ฟ Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2022 | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐ช๐น Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Proclamation No. 1321/2024 | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ช๐บ European Union | Special | In force | GDPR + ePrivacy Directive | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ซ๐ฏ Fiji | Oceania | Bill pending | Personal data protection bill (in development); constitutional privacy right | None | |
| ๐ซ๐ฎ Finland | Europe | In force | GDPR + Data Protection Act (1050/2018) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ซ๐ท France | Europe | In force | GDPR + Loi Informatique et Libertรฉs (1978, as amended) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ฆ Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 001/2011 on Personal Data Protection (amended 2023) | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ฒ Gambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025 (Act No. 11 of 2025) | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ช Georgia | Europe | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection (2023) | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฉ๐ช Germany | Europe | In force | GDPR + BDSG + TDDDG (cookies and terminal equipment) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ญ Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2012 (Act 843) | 2012 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ท Greece | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law 4624/2019 | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ฉ Grenada | Americas | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2023 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐น Guatemala | Americas | Bill pending | Data protection bills (pending); access-to-information law covers state data | None | |
| ๐ฌ๐ณ Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law L/2016/037 (cybersecurity and personal data provisions) | 2016 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ผ Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฌ๐พ Guyana | Americas | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2023 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ญ๐น Haiti | Americas | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ญ๐ณ Honduras | Americas | Bill pending | Data protection bill (pending); constitutional habeas data | None | |
| ๐ญ๐ฐ Hong Kong | Special | In force | Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO) | 1996 | Hybrid |
| ๐ญ๐บ Hungary | Europe | In force | GDPR + Act CXII of 2011 (Info Act) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐ธ Iceland | Europe | In force | GDPR (via EEA) + Act 90/2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐ณ India | Asia-Pacific | Adopted | Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 + DPDP Rules, 2025 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐ฉ Indonesia | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Data Protection Law (Law 27/2022) | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐ท Iran | Middle East & North Africa | Bill pending | Personal Data Protection and Safeguarding Bill (pending)โฆ | None | |
| ๐ฎ๐ถ Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | No law | None; constitutional privacy right and sectoral rules | None | |
| ๐ฎ๐ช Ireland | Europe | In force | GDPR + Data Protection Act 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐ฑ Israel | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Protection of Privacy Law 1981, transformed by Amendment 13 (2024) | 1981 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฎ๐น Italy | Europe | In force | GDPR + Privacy Code (D.Lgs. 196/2003, as amended) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฏ๐ฒ Jamaica | Americas | In force | Data Protection Act 2020 | 2020 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฏ๐ต Japan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) | 2003 | Hybrid |
| ๐ฏ๐ด Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Law No. 24 of 2023 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ฟ Kazakhstan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Data and its Protection | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ช Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2019 | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ฎ Kiribati | Oceania | Bill pending | Data Protection Bill 2025 (first reading April 2025)โฆ | None | |
| ๐ฐ๐ผ Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Sectoral | CITRA Data Privacy Protection Regulation (2021, updated 2024)โฆ | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ฌ Kyrgyzstan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Information (2008, amended 2021) | 2008 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ฆ Laos | Asia-Pacific | Sectoral | Law on Electronic Data Protection (2017) | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ป Latvia | Europe | In force | GDPR + Personal Data Processing Law | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ง Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Law No. 81/2018 on Electronic Transactions and Personal Data | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ธ Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2011 | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ท Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Data Protection Act (2026) | 2026 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐พ Libya | Middle East & North Africa | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฑ๐ฎ Liechtenstein | Europe | In force | GDPR (via EEA) + Data Protection Act 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐น Lithuania | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐บ Luxembourg | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law of 1 August 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ด Macau | Special | In force | Personal Data Protection Act (Law 8/2005) | 2005 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ฌ Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Adopted | Law 2014-038 on Personal Data Protection | 2014 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ผ Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2024 | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐พ Malaysia | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Data Protection Act 2010, amended 2024 | 2010 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ป Maldives | Asia-Pacific | Bill pending | Data protection bill pending; constitutional privacy right | None | |
| ๐ฒ๐ฑ Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2013-015 on Personal Data Protection | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐น Malta | Europe | In force | GDPR + Data Protection Act (Cap. 586) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ญ Marshall Islands | Oceania | Sectoral | Personal Data Protection Act 2025 (P.L. 2025-43), public sector only | 2025 | None |
| ๐ฒ๐ท Mauritania | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2017-020 on Personal Data Protection | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐บ Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2017 | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ฝ Mexico | Americas | In force | Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Partiesโฆ | 2025 | Hybrid |
| ๐ซ๐ฒ Micronesia | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฒ๐ฉ Moldova | Europe | In force | Law No. 133/2011 on Personal Data Protection | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐จ Monaco | Europe | In force | Law No. 1.565 on Personal Data Protection | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ณ Mongolia | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ช Montenegro | Europe | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection (2008, as amended)โฆ | 2008 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ฆ Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Law No. 09-08 on Personal Data Protection | 2009 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฒ๐ฟ Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Bill pending | Draft data protection law (pending); constitutional and sectoral protections | None | |
| ๐ฒ๐ฒ Myanmar | Asia-Pacific | Sectoral | Cybersecurity Law (2025) data provisionsโฆ | 2025 | None |
| ๐ณ๐ฆ Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Bill pending | Data Protection Bill (long pending) | None | |
| ๐ณ๐ท Nauru | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ณ๐ต Nepal | Asia-Pacific | In force | Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (2018) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ณ๐ฑ Netherlands | Europe | In force | GDPR + GDPR Implementation Act (UAVG) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ณ๐ฟ New Zealand | Oceania | In force | Privacy Act 2020 | 2020 | Hybrid |
| ๐ณ๐ฎ Nicaragua | Americas | Adopted | Law 787 on Personal Data Protection | 2012 | Opt-in |
| ๐ณ๐ช Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2017-28 on Personal Data Protection (amended 2022) | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐ณ๐ฌ Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) 2023 + GAID 2025 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ต North Korea | Asia-Pacific | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฒ๐ฐ North Macedonia | Europe | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection | 2020 | Opt-in |
| ๐ณ๐ด Norway | Europe | In force | GDPR (via EEA) + Personal Data Act 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ด๐ฒ Oman | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Law (Royal Decree 6/2022) | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐ฐ Pakistan | Asia-Pacific | Bill pending | Personal Data Protection Bill (pending); PECA 2016 covers cyber offenses | None | |
| ๐ต๐ผ Palau | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ต๐ฆ Panama | Americas | In force | Law 81 of 2019 on Personal Data Protection | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐ฌ Papua New Guinea | Oceania | No law | None; Digital Government Act touches public-sector data | None | |
| ๐ต๐พ Paraguay | Americas | Adopted | Law No. 7593/2025 on Personal Data Protection | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐ช Peru | Americas | In force | Law 29733 on Personal Data Protection + 2024 Regulation | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐ญ Philippines | Asia-Pacific | In force | Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173) | 2012 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐ฑ Poland | Europe | In force | GDPR + Personal Data Protection Act 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ต๐น Portugal | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law 58/2019 | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ถ๐ฆ Qatar | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Law No. 13 of 2016 on Personal Data Privacy Protection | 2016 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ฌ Republic of the Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 29-2019 on Personal Data Protection | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ท๐ด Romania | Europe | In force | GDPR + Law 190/2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ท๐บ Russia | Europe | In force | Federal Law No. 152-FZ on Personal Data | 2006 | Opt-in |
| ๐ท๐ผ Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law No. 058/2021 on Personal Data Protection and Privacy | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ณ Saint Kitts and Nevis | Americas | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐จ Saint Lucia | Americas | In force | Data Protection Act 2011 | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ป๐จ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Americas | No law | None in force; the Privacy Act 2003 was passed but never brought into force | None | |
| ๐ผ๐ธ Samoa | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ธ๐ฒ San Marino | Europe | In force | Law No. 171/2018 on Personal Data Protection | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐น Sao Tome and Principe | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 3/2016 on Personal Data Protection | 2016 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ฆ Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), amended 2023 | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ณ Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2008-12 on Personal Data Protection | 2008 | Opt-in |
| ๐ท๐ธ Serbia | Europe | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐จ Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2023 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ฑ Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Bill pending | Data Protection Bill (pending); cybersecurity law 2021 | None | |
| ๐ธ๐ฌ Singapore | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2012, amended 2020 | 2012 | Hybrid |
| ๐ธ๐ฐ Slovakia | Europe | In force | GDPR + Act No. 18/2018 | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ฎ Slovenia | Europe | In force | GDPR + ZVOP-2 (2023) | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ง Solomon Islands | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ธ๐ด Somalia | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2023 | 2023 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฟ๐ฆ South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) | 2013 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฐ๐ท South Korea | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), overhauled 2023 | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ธ South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Bill pending | Draft Data Protection Bill (validated at a 2026 workshop); no law in force | None | |
| ๐ช๐ธ Spain | Europe | In force | GDPR + LOPDGDD (Organic Law 3/2018) + LSSI | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฑ๐ฐ Sri Lanka | Asia-Pacific | Adopted | Personal Data Protection Act No. 9 of 2022, amended by Act No. 22 of 2025 | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐ธ๐ฉ Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | No law | None; sectoral informatics offenses only | None | |
| ๐ธ๐ท Suriname | Americas | Bill pending | Draft Privacy and Personal Data Protection Actโฆ | None | |
| ๐ธ๐ช Sweden | Europe | In force | GDPR + Data Protection Act (2018:218) | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐จ๐ญ Switzerland | Europe | In force | Federal Act on Data Protection (revFADP) | 2023 | Hybrid |
| ๐ธ๐พ Syria | Middle East & North Africa | Adopted | Law No. 12 of 2024 on the Protection of Electronic Personal Data | 2024 | None |
| ๐น๐ผ Taiwan | Special | In force | Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) | 2010 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ฏ Tajikistan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ฟ Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Personal Data Protection Act 2022 | 2022 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ญ Thailand | Asia-Pacific | In force | Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ฑ Timor-Leste | Asia-Pacific | No law | None; constitutional privacy right | None | |
| ๐น๐ฌ Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Law 2019-014 on Personal Data Protection | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ด Tonga | Oceania | Adopted | Privacy Act 2025 (Act 34 of 2025) | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐น Trinidad and Tobago | Americas | Adopted | Data Protection Act 2011 (partially proclaimed) | 2011 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ณ Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | In force | Organic Law 2004-63 on Personal Data Protection | 2004 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ท Turkey | Europe | In force | Law No. 6698 on Protection of Personal Data (KVKK), amended 2024 | 2016 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ฒ Turkmenistan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Information about Private Life and its Protection | 2017 | Opt-in |
| ๐น๐ป Tuvalu | Oceania | No law | None | None | |
| ๐บ๐ฌ Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection and Privacy Act 2019 | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐บ๐ฆ Ukraine | Europe | In force | Law No. 2297-VI on Personal Data Protection | 2010 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฆ๐ช United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Adopted | Federal Decree-Law No. 45/2021 (PDPL)โฆ | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฌ๐ง United Kingdom | Europe | In force | UK GDPR + Data Protection Act 2018 + PECR, amended by the Dataโฆ | 2018 | Opt-in |
| ๐บ๐ธ United States | Americas | In force | No federal comprehensive law; 24 state comprehensive laws (20 in effect)โฆ | 2020 | Opt-out |
| ๐บ๐พ Uruguay | Americas | In force | Law 18.331 on Personal Data Protection | 2008 | Opt-in |
| ๐บ๐ฟ Uzbekistan | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Data (2019, amended 2021) | 2019 | Opt-in |
| ๐ป๐บ Vanuatu | Oceania | Adopted | Data Protection and Privacy Act No. 13 of 2024 | 2024 | Opt-in |
| ๐ป๐ช Venezuela | Americas | No law | None; constitutional habeas data and case law only | None | |
| ๐ป๐ณ Vietnam | Asia-Pacific | In force | Law on Personal Data Protection (Law 91/2025/QH15) + Decree 356/2025 | 2025 | Opt-in |
| ๐พ๐ช Yemen | Middle East & North Africa | No law | None | None | |
| ๐ฟ๐ฒ Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2021 | 2021 | Opt-in |
| ๐ฟ๐ผ Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | In force | Data Protection Act 2021 (Cyber and Data Protection Act) | 2021 | Opt-in |
Click any column to sort. Every row links to a full profile: framework, marketing rules, transfers, penalties, primary sources and a live news wire. Machine-readable version at /data/register.json; model-readable at /llms.txt.
Where the world stands
The regulated world runs on opt-in, and the United States runs on opt-out. In the EU, UK, Brazil, China, Korea, Canada and most of the other 151 opt-in regimes, using personal data to target people requires permission first. In the US, an advertiser can target adults with personal data without prior consent, subject to opt-outs, disclosures, and opt-in islands for sensitive data, children, and (under the TCPA) every marketing call and text. The consent map and the GDPR vs US comparison lay out the full divide.
The next few months move the map again. California's governor vetoed the flat ban on selling sensitive personal data (AB 1542) on September 27 but signed the deletion expansion (SB 923) and the data broker bill (AB 883), and has until September 30 to act on the CIPA reform that would end pen-register tracking suits (SB 690). Connecticut's ban on selling precise geolocation data starts October 1. Chile's December 1 start date is in play after the government moved to push it back a year. Korea can now fine up to 10% of total revenue, Japan has enacted its APPI overhaul, and India's full DPDP duties and penalties arrive May 13, 2027. Brussels, meanwhile, is still negotiating the Digital Omnibus, the first serious attempt to amend the GDPR itself. Dates are on the calendar and developments on the news page.
Next on the calendar
Latest developments
California vetoes the sensitive-data sale ban and signs the deletion and data broker bills
Governor Newsom returned AB 1542 without his signature, writing that a categorical ban on sharing sensitive personal information was a step too far when consumers already hold a right to limit its use, and that the bill carried costs not in the 2026 budget. The same day he signed SB 923, which extends the CCPA right to delete to data a business obtained from third parties and requires online-only businesses to offer a webform for requests, and AB 883, which adds an accessible deletion mechanism for data brokers and a deletion process for elected officials and judges. Both take effect 1 January 2027. SB 690, the CIPA pen-register reform, and AB 2561 on privacy settings were still on his desk, with 30 September the deadline.
TikTok drops its appeals and accepts the ICO's GBP 12.7M fine
TikTok withdrew its appeal against the 2023 penalty for processing the personal data of UK children under 13 without parental consent, along with its appeal against an information notice about how its recommender systems process 13 to 17 year olds' data. The withdrawal followed an Upper Tribunal ruling in August that rejected TikTok's artistic-purposes argument, and the ICO says it will now progress that investigation. The regulator itself becomes the board-led Information Commission on 30 September under the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025.
Philippines puts Meta, Roblox, Reddit and Discord on notice
The National Privacy Commission issued show-cause orders to the four platforms over registration requirements under the Data Privacy Act, part of an intensified push on how digital platforms handle children's data.
Ireland fines Google EUR 403M over location data
The Data Protection Commission found that Google processed location data from Location History and Web & App Activity unlawfully and unfairly between May 2018 and February 2020, fell short on transparency across those features and Location Accuracy, and kept location data too long. Google has six months to bring its processing into compliance.
EDPB proposes a common method for deciding when to fine
The EDPB adopted Guidelines 04/2026 on whether to impose administrative fines, a five-step method that complements its 2022 guidance on calculating them, and opened consultation until 13 November. It also adopted the final version of its guidelines on the interplay between the Digital Services Act and the GDPR.
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